HMS Endeavour Model Tall Ship (Open Hull)
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In 1768 Lieutenant James Cook, Royal Navy, set sail on HMS Endeavour on a voyage
of exploration and scientific investigation and through his journeys, Cook is
considered to be one of the greatest explorers.
In 1770 Cook reached New Zealand where he circumnavigated and completely charted
the north and south islands before continuing west. In April, he sighted the
east coast of Australia and sailed north along the coast before anchoring in
what he named Botany Bay. He then continued north to Cape York and on to Jakarta
and Indonesia. During the four month voyage along the coast Cook charted the
coastline from Victoria to Queensland and proclaimed the eastern part of the
continent for Great Britain.
Cook was the first person to accurately chart a substantial part of the coastline
of Australia and to fix the continent in relation to known waters. His explorations
of Australia were followed up within a few years by a British expedition to
settle the "new" continent. Accordingly, Cook is considered a major
figure in Australias modern history. Numerous places in Australia, particularly
on the east Australian coast and New Zealand, have been named after him or his
vessel, and many of the names he gave to parts of the Australian east coast
in 1770 are still used (e.g. Cape Tribulation, Botany Bay, the Whitsunday’s).
Cooks 1768-1771 voyages in HMS Endeavour is also considered to be of general
historical importance because of its great contributions to the worlds knowledge
of seamanship and navigation, as well as geography. On his voyages Cook became
the first captain to calculate his longitudinal position with accuracy, using
a complex mathematical formula developed in the 1760s.
He was also the first to substantially reduce scurvy among his crew, a serious,
sometimes fatal result of dietary deficiency on long voyages.
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